The "Parisian avant-garde" refers to a cultural movement that emerged in Paris during the late 19th and early 20th centuries, characterized by innovative and experimental approaches in art, literature, and performance. This movement sought to challenge traditional norms and conventions, often embracing new ideas and techniques. Key figures included artists like Pablo Picasso and writers such as James Joyce, who pushed boundaries in their respective fields. The avant-garde was closely linked to various artistic movements, including Cubism, Surrealism, and Dadaism. These movements often intersected, influencing one another and contributing to a vibrant cultural landscape in Paris. The avant-garde spirit encouraged collaboration and dialogue among artists, leading to groundbreaking works that continue to shape contemporary art and literature.