Paraguayan history began with the arrival of Spanish explorers in the 16th century, leading to the establishment of the Asunción settlement in 1537. The region was part of the Viceroyalty of Peru and later the Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata, where it developed a unique culture influenced by both indigenous peoples and European settlers. In the 19th century, Paraguay gained independence from Spain in 1811. The country faced significant challenges, including the Paraguayan War (1864-1870), which devastated its population and economy. Despite these hardships, Paraguay has worked to rebuild and develop its identity as a nation in South America.