The Paired Samples T-Test is a statistical method used to compare two related groups. It assesses whether the means of these groups differ significantly from each other. This test is commonly applied in situations where the same subjects are measured twice, such as before and after a treatment or intervention. To conduct a Paired Samples T-Test, researchers calculate the differences between paired observations and then analyze these differences. The test results in a t-value and a p-value, which help determine if the observed differences are statistically significant, indicating that the treatment or condition had an effect.