PV, or photovoltaic, refers to the technology that converts sunlight directly into electricity. This process occurs through the use of solar cells, which are made from semiconductor materials like silicon. When sunlight hits these cells, it excites electrons, creating an electric current that can be harnessed for power. PV systems are commonly used in residential and commercial settings to generate renewable energy. They can be installed on rooftops or in large solar farms. By utilizing PV technology, individuals and businesses can reduce their reliance on fossil fuels and lower their energy costs while contributing to a more sustainable environment.