PTEN is a gene that provides instructions for making a protein that helps regulate cell growth and division. This protein acts as a tumor suppressor, meaning it helps prevent cells from growing and dividing too rapidly or in an uncontrolled way. When the PTEN gene is mutated or not functioning properly, it can lead to various types of cancer. In addition to its role in cancer, PTEN is also involved in other cellular processes, such as metabolism and cell signaling. It helps maintain the balance of cell survival and death, which is crucial for normal tissue function and development.