PDF rendering is the process of converting a PDF (Portable Document Format) file into a visual representation that can be displayed on a screen or printed. This involves interpreting the text, images, and layout contained in the PDF to ensure that it appears as intended by the creator. During rendering, software reads the PDF file's structure and applies the necessary fonts, colors, and graphics. This allows users to view documents consistently across different devices and platforms, maintaining the original formatting and design regardless of the software used to create or view the PDF.