The P-2X receptor is a type of protein found on the surface of cells that responds to the presence of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), a molecule that provides energy for cellular processes. When ATP binds to the P-2X receptor, it triggers various cellular responses, including inflammation and pain signaling. This receptor is part of a larger family known as purinergic receptors. P-2X receptors are important in many physiological processes, including the regulation of blood flow and immune responses. There are several subtypes of P-2X receptors, each with distinct functions and tissue distributions. Research on these receptors is ongoing, as they may be potential targets for new therapies in conditions like chronic pain and inflammatory diseases.