Oscillations refer to the repetitive back-and-forth movement of an object around a central point or equilibrium position. This motion can be observed in various systems, such as a swinging pendulum, vibrating string, or a spring being compressed and released. The time it takes to complete one full cycle of motion is called the period, while the maximum displacement from the equilibrium position is known as amplitude. Oscillations can be classified into two main types: simple harmonic motion and damped oscillations. In simple harmonic motion, the restoring force is directly proportional to the displacement, leading to a smooth, regular motion. Damped oscillations occur when external forces, like friction or air resistance, gradually reduce the amplitude over time, causing the motion to slow down and eventually stop.