The Osage Indian Murders refer to a series of killings in the 1920s targeting members of the Osage Nation in Oklahoma. The Osage people had become wealthy due to oil discovered on their land, leading to jealousy and greed from outsiders. Many Osage were murdered for their wealth, often with little investigation or justice. The crimes drew national attention and led to an investigation by the newly formed FBI, under the leadership of J. Edgar Hoover. The case revealed widespread corruption and exploitation, ultimately resulting in several convictions and highlighting the need for legal protections for Native Americans.