Orthogonal Latin Squares are a pair of Latin squares that are arranged such that each symbol appears exactly once in each row and column, and when the two squares are superimposed, every ordered pair of symbols occurs exactly once. This property makes them useful in experimental design and combinatorial mathematics. The concept was introduced by Leonhard Euler in the 18th century. Orthogonal Latin Squares are significant in various fields, including statistics, cryptography, and error-correcting codes, as they help in creating balanced and efficient designs for experiments and data analysis.