The term "orthogonal" originates from geometry, where it describes lines or vectors that are at right angles (90 degrees) to each other. In a two-dimensional space, two lines are orthogonal if their slopes multiply to -1. This concept is essential in various fields, including mathematics, physics, and engineering, as it helps in understanding relationships between different dimensions. In a broader context, "orthogonal" can also refer to concepts or ideas that are independent or unrelated. For example, in computer science, two functions are orthogonal if changes in one do not affect the other. This principle promotes modular design, making systems easier to understand and maintain.