Orographic lift occurs when moist air is forced to rise over a mountain range or elevated terrain. As the air ascends, it cools and expands, leading to condensation and cloud formation. This process often results in precipitation on the windward side of the mountains. Once the air passes over the peak and descends on the leeward side, it warms and dries out, creating a rain shadow effect. This means that the area on the leeward side receives significantly less rainfall, which can lead to drier conditions and distinct ecosystems compared to the windward side.