Organizations can be viewed as rational systems, where structures and processes are designed to achieve specific goals efficiently. This perspective emphasizes clear hierarchies, defined roles, and systematic decision-making, often seen in traditional business models and management theories. In contrast, organizations as natural systems focus on the social and cultural aspects, highlighting the importance of relationships, informal networks, and shared values among members. Additionally, the open systems perspective recognizes that organizations interact with their external environment, adapting to changes and influences from factors like market trends, regulations, and technological advancements.