Organic matter refers to the material that comes from living organisms, including plants, animals, and microorganisms. It consists of carbon-based compounds and is a crucial component of soil, contributing to its fertility and structure. When organic matter decomposes, it releases nutrients that are essential for plant growth. In ecosystems, organic matter plays a vital role in nutrient cycling and energy flow. It helps improve soil aeration and water retention, making it easier for roots to grow. Additionally, organic matter supports a diverse range of soil organisms, such as earthworms and bacteria, which further enhance soil health and productivity.