Orchestral conducting is the art of leading a musical ensemble, typically an orchestra, during a performance. The conductor uses hand gestures, facial expressions, and a baton to communicate tempo, dynamics, and expression to the musicians. This guidance helps ensure that all players are synchronized and interpret the music cohesively. Conductors study various aspects of music, including music theory, composition, and the works of famous composers like Beethoven and Mozart. They often rehearse with the orchestra to refine the performance and may also provide insights into the historical context and emotional intent behind the pieces being played.