Orbital shuttles are spacecraft designed to transport astronauts and cargo to and from low Earth orbit. They are often used for missions to the International Space Station (ISS) and can carry various payloads, including scientific instruments and supplies. These shuttles are equipped with powerful engines and advanced navigation systems to ensure safe travel through the atmosphere and into space. The most well-known orbital shuttle is the Space Shuttle, which was operated by NASA from 1981 to 2011. It featured a reusable design, allowing it to make multiple trips to space. After completing its mission, the shuttle would return to Earth, landing like an airplane on a runway.