Optical diffraction is a phenomenon that occurs when light waves encounter an obstacle or pass through a narrow opening. As the waves spread out after passing the obstacle, they create patterns of light and dark regions, known as diffraction patterns. This behavior is a fundamental property of waves, including light. Diffraction is essential in various applications, such as in optical instruments like microscopes and telescopes, where it affects image resolution. It also plays a crucial role in technologies like diffraction gratings, which are used to separate light into its component colors, aiding in the study of spectroscopy.