Oil production techniques primarily involve three main methods: primary recovery, secondary recovery, and tertiary recovery. In primary recovery, oil is extracted using natural pressure from the reservoir. This method typically recovers about 10-20% of the oil in a reservoir. Secondary recovery involves injecting water or gas into the reservoir to maintain pressure and push more oil to the surface, increasing recovery rates to about 20-40%. Tertiary recovery, also known as enhanced oil recovery (EOR), employs advanced techniques like thermal injection or chemical flooding to extract additional oil, potentially recovering up to 60% of the original oil in place.