Ocular structures refer to the various parts of the eye that work together to enable vision. Key components include the cornea, which is the clear front layer that helps focus light, and the lens, which adjusts shape to further refine focus. The retina at the back of the eye contains light-sensitive cells that convert light into electrical signals. Other important structures include the iris, which controls the size of the pupil to regulate light entry, and the sclera, the white outer layer that provides protection. The vitreous humor, a gel-like substance, fills the eye and helps maintain its shape.