Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) is a process that generates electricity by utilizing the temperature difference between warm surface water and cold deep ocean water. This temperature gradient is typically found in tropical regions, where surface water can be significantly warmer than the water below. OTEC systems can operate in three main ways: closed-cycle, open-cycle, and hybrid systems. In a closed-cycle system, a working fluid with a low boiling point is heated by warm water, turning it into vapor to drive a turbine. In an open-cycle system, warm seawater is directly vaporized, and the steam drives a turbine before being condensed back into water.