Objectivism is a philosophical system developed by Ayn Rand in the mid-20th century. It emphasizes reason, individualism, and the pursuit of one's own happiness as the highest moral purpose. Objectivism advocates for a free-market economy and limited government, arguing that individuals should act in their rational self-interest. Central to Objectivism is the belief that reality exists independently of consciousness, meaning that facts are objective and can be understood through reason. This philosophy rejects altruism and collectivism, promoting the idea that each person should prioritize their own life and well-being above all else.