Nucleic acids are large biomolecules essential for all forms of life. They are made up of smaller units called nucleotides, which consist of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base. The two main types of nucleic acids are DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA (ribonucleic acid). DNA stores genetic information, while RNA plays a crucial role in translating that information into proteins. Nucleic acids are vital for processes such as replication, transcription, and translation. During replication, DNA makes copies of itself, ensuring genetic information is passed on during cell division. In transcription, DNA is used to create RNA, which then guides the synthesis of proteins in translation, ultimately influencing an organism's traits and functions.