A nuclear radiation detector is a device used to identify and measure ionizing radiation, which can come from sources like radioactive materials or cosmic rays. These detectors can sense different types of radiation, including alpha particles, beta particles, and gamma rays, helping to ensure safety in environments where radiation is present. Common types of nuclear radiation detectors include Geiger-Müller counters, scintillation detectors, and semiconductor detectors. Each type operates on different principles, but all serve the essential purpose of monitoring radiation levels, which is crucial for protecting public health and safety in various fields, including medicine, industry, and environmental monitoring.