Nuclear matter refers to the dense state of matter found in atomic nuclei, primarily composed of protons and neutrons. These particles are held together by the strong nuclear force, one of the four fundamental forces of nature. In nuclear matter, the interactions between these particles are crucial for understanding the stability and behavior of atomic nuclei. In extreme conditions, such as those found in neutron stars, nuclear matter can exhibit unique properties, including superfluidity and the formation of quark-gluon plasma. Research in nuclear matter helps scientists explore fundamental questions about the universe, including the origins of elements and the forces that govern atomic interactions.