Nucleic acids are large biomolecules essential for all forms of life. They are primarily responsible for storing and transmitting genetic information. The two main types of nucleic acids are DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA (ribonucleic acid). DNA carries the genetic blueprint for an organism, while RNA plays a crucial role in translating that information into proteins. Nucleic acids are made up of smaller units called nucleotides, which consist of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base. The sequence of these nucleotides determines the genetic code, influencing everything from physical traits to cellular functions.