Noun classification is the process of categorizing nouns based on their characteristics and functions in language. Nouns can be classified into various types, such as common nouns, which refer to general items (e.g., "dog" or "city"), and proper nouns, which denote specific names (e.g., "London" or "Alice"). Additionally, nouns can be further divided into countable nouns, which can be counted (e.g., "apple" or "car"), and uncountable nouns, which cannot be counted individually (e.g., "water" or "information"). This classification helps in understanding how nouns function within sentences and enhances language comprehension.