Norwegian fortifications refer to a series of military structures built to protect Norway's coastline and strategic locations. These fortifications date back to the Middle Ages and include castles, coastal forts, and bunkers. Notable examples include Akershus Fortress in Oslo and the coastal defenses established during World War II. The fortifications were designed to withstand attacks and often feature thick walls, moats, and strategic positioning on hills or near water. Many of these sites are now historical landmarks, attracting tourists interested in Norway's military history and architectural heritage.