The term "Northern franchise" typically refers to a specific type of business model or agreement in the northern regions of a country, often related to the railway or transportation sectors. This franchise allows private companies to operate services under a contract with the government, ensuring that public transport needs are met while promoting efficiency and investment. In the context of the UK, the Northern franchise specifically pertains to the operation of train services in the northern part of England. It aims to improve connectivity, enhance service quality, and support economic growth in the region by providing reliable and accessible transportation options for passengers.