Norilsk is a city located in northern Russia, above the Arctic Circle. It is one of the largest cities in the world built on permafrost and is known for its harsh climate, with long, extremely cold winters and short summers. The city was founded in the 1930s and has a population of around 180,000 people. The economy of Norilsk is primarily driven by mining and metallurgy, particularly the extraction of nickel, copper, and palladium. The Norilsk Nickel company, one of the largest producers of these metals globally, operates in the region. Despite its industrial significance, Norilsk faces environmental challenges due to pollution from its mining activities.