Non-verbal communication refers to the ways people convey messages without using words. This includes body language, facial expressions, gestures, posture, and eye contact. For example, a smile can indicate friendliness, while crossed arms may suggest defensiveness. Non-verbal cues often enhance or contradict verbal messages, making them essential for effective communication. Additionally, non-verbal communication can vary across different cultures. What is considered a positive gesture in one culture, such as a thumbs-up, might be offensive in another. Understanding these differences is crucial for effective interactions, especially in diverse settings where people from various backgrounds, like different countries, come together.