Nitrate compounds are chemical substances that contain the nitrate ion, NO3-. They are commonly found in fertilizers, explosives, and food preservation. Nitrates are important for plant growth, as they provide essential nitrogen, which is a key nutrient. In the environment, nitrates can enter water systems through agricultural runoff, leading to issues like eutrophication, where excessive nutrients cause harmful algal blooms. While nitrates are generally safe in small amounts, high levels in drinking water can pose health risks, particularly for infants, as they can interfere with oxygen transport in the blood.