Nicomachus was a Greek philosopher and mathematician, known for his work in the field of mathematics during the 1st century CE. He is often associated with the Pythagorean school of thought, which emphasized the importance of numbers and their relationships. His writings contributed to the understanding of number theory and the concept of numerical harmony. One of his notable works is the "Introduction to Arithmetic," where he explored the properties of numbers and their significance in various aspects of life. Nicomachus also discussed the idea of music and its mathematical foundations, linking the two disciplines through the concept of ratios and proportions.