New Public Management (NPM) is a management philosophy that emerged in the late 20th century, aiming to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of public sector organizations. It emphasizes the adoption of private sector practices, such as performance measurement, competition, and customer service, to enhance service delivery and accountability in government. NPM encourages decentralization, allowing public agencies more autonomy to make decisions. It also promotes the use of market mechanisms, such as outsourcing and public-private partnerships, to foster innovation and reduce costs. Overall, NPM seeks to create a more responsive and results-oriented public sector.