"New Imperialism" refers to the period of aggressive expansion by European powers, the United States, and Japan from the late 19th century to the early 20th century. This era was characterized by the acquisition of territories in Africa, Asia, and the Pacific, driven by economic interests, national prestige, and a belief in cultural superiority. Key events included the Scramble for Africa and the Spanish-American War. During this time, countries sought to establish colonies and control resources, leading to significant political and social changes in the colonized regions. The impact of colonial rule often resulted in the exploitation of local populations and resources, as well as the spread of Western culture and ideologies.