The New England Colonies consisted of Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island, and New Hampshire. Established in the early 17th century, these colonies were primarily settled by Puritans seeking religious freedom. The region's economy was based on fishing, shipbuilding, and small-scale farming due to its rocky soil and harsh climate. The New England Colonies were known for their strong community ties and emphasis on education, leading to the establishment of schools and colleges, such as Harvard University. The political structure was often based on town meetings, allowing local citizens to participate in governance and decision-making processes.