Neutrino astronomy is a branch of astrophysics that studies celestial objects and phenomena by detecting neutrinos, which are nearly massless subatomic particles. These particles are produced in vast quantities during processes like nuclear fusion in stars, supernova explosions, and interactions in black holes. Unlike other particles, neutrinos can pass through matter almost undisturbed, allowing them to provide unique insights into the universe. By observing neutrinos, scientists can learn about the conditions and events occurring in distant cosmic sources. Facilities like the IceCube Neutrino Observatory in Antarctica are designed to capture these elusive particles, helping researchers understand high-energy astrophysical processes and the fundamental nature of the universe.