A neuron is a specialized cell in the nervous system that transmits information throughout the body. It consists of three main parts: the cell body, dendrites, and axon. Dendrites receive signals from other neurons, while the axon sends signals to other cells. Neurons communicate through electrical impulses and chemical signals, allowing us to think, feel, and move. Neurons are essential for many functions, including reflexes and sensory perception. They work together in networks to process information, making them crucial for activities like learning and memory. Disorders affecting neurons, such as Alzheimer's disease or Parkinson's disease, can significantly impact a person's quality of life.