Neuroinflammation is the inflammation of the nervous system, particularly affecting the brain and spinal cord. It occurs when the body's immune cells respond to injury, infection, or disease, leading to the activation of microglia and astrocytes, which are types of glial cells. While this response is essential for healing, excessive or chronic neuroinflammation can contribute to various neurological disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease and multiple sclerosis. This condition can be triggered by several factors, including traumatic brain injury, autoimmune diseases, and infections. Neuroinflammation can disrupt normal brain function, leading to symptoms like cognitive decline, mood changes, and motor difficulties. Understanding neuroinflammation is crucial for developing treatments for these conditions.