Neuroectoderm is a type of tissue that develops from the ectoderm layer of an embryo. It is responsible for forming the nervous system, including the brain and spinal cord, as well as other structures like the neural crest, which contributes to various cell types in the body. During embryonic development, the neuroectoderm differentiates into neural progenitor cells, which eventually give rise to neurons and glial cells. This process is crucial for establishing the central and peripheral nervous systems, playing a vital role in the overall development of the organism.