Neurodevelopmental abnormalities refer to a group of conditions that affect the development of the nervous system, leading to challenges in cognitive, social, and emotional functioning. These conditions often arise during early brain development and can result in disorders such as autism spectrum disorder, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and intellectual disabilities. These abnormalities can be caused by a variety of factors, including genetic mutations, environmental influences, and prenatal exposure to harmful substances. Early diagnosis and intervention are crucial for improving outcomes, as they can help individuals develop essential skills and adapt to their environments more effectively.