Neuraminidase inhibitors are a class of antiviral medications used primarily to treat infections caused by the influenza virus. They work by blocking the action of the neuraminidase enzyme, which is essential for the virus to spread from infected cells to healthy ones. By inhibiting this enzyme, these drugs help reduce the severity and duration of flu symptoms. Common examples of neuraminidase inhibitors include oseltamivir (Tamiflu) and zanamivir (Relenza). These medications are most effective when taken within the first 48 hours of flu symptoms. They are not a substitute for the flu vaccine but can be an important tool in managing influenza outbreaks.