Networking protocols are standardized rules that determine how data is transmitted and received over a network. They ensure that devices, such as computers and routers, can communicate effectively, regardless of their manufacturer or operating system. Common examples include TCP/IP, which is essential for internet communication, and HTTP, used for transferring web pages. These protocols define various aspects of communication, such as data format, error handling, and connection management. By following these guidelines, devices can establish reliable connections, share information, and maintain security, making networking efficient and functional across different platforms and environments.