Neoplasia refers to the process of abnormal cell growth that leads to the formation of a neoplasm, commonly known as a tumor. This growth can be benign, meaning it is non-cancerous and does not spread, or malignant, which indicates cancerous behavior that can invade nearby tissues and spread to other parts of the body. Understanding neoplasia is crucial for diagnosing and treating various types of cancer. The causes of neoplasia can vary widely, including genetic mutations, exposure to carcinogens, and certain infections. Early detection and treatment are essential for improving outcomes, especially in cases of malignant neoplasms. Research continues to explore the mechanisms behind neoplasia to develop better therapies and preventive measures.