The neocortex is the outermost layer of the brain, playing a crucial role in higher-order brain functions. It is involved in processes such as sensory perception, cognition, and decision-making. The neocortex is unique to mammals and is responsible for complex behaviors, including language and problem-solving. Structurally, the neocortex is composed of six layers of neurons, each with specific functions. It is divided into different regions that correspond to various sensory modalities, such as vision and hearing. The development of the neocortex is linked to the evolutionary advancement of mammals, allowing for greater adaptability and intelligence.