NATO, or the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, is a military alliance established in 1949. It was created to provide collective defense against potential threats, particularly during the Cold War. Member countries agree that an attack on one is an attack on all, promoting security and cooperation among its members. The organization currently consists of 31 member countries, primarily from North America and Europe. NATO conducts various operations, including crisis management and cooperative security, and engages in partnerships with non-member countries to enhance global stability. Its headquarters is located in Brussels, Belgium.