The National Road, also known as the Cumberland Road, was the first major improved highway in the United States. It was constructed in the early 19th century, beginning in 1806, to facilitate westward expansion and connect the eastern states with the western frontier. The road stretched from Cumberland, Maryland to Vandalia, Illinois, covering over 600 miles. The National Road played a crucial role in the development of the American transportation system. It allowed for easier movement of goods and people, contributing to economic growth and settlement in the western territories. The road's construction marked a significant step in the evolution of America's infrastructure.