National literatures refer to the body of written works produced by a specific nation or culture. These works often reflect the history, values, and experiences of the people within that nation. They can include various genres such as poetry, novels, plays, and essays, showcasing the unique voice and perspective of the culture. The study of national literatures helps to understand the social and political contexts that shape a country's identity. For example, American literature often explores themes of freedom and individualism, while Russian literature may delve into issues of morality and society. Each national literature contributes to the global literary landscape.