The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) is a U.S. government agency that develops and promotes measurement standards. Established in 1901, its mission is to enhance innovation and industrial competitiveness by advancing measurement science, standards, and technology. NIST plays a crucial role in various fields, including manufacturing, healthcare, and information technology. The agency conducts research, provides calibration services, and develops guidelines to ensure accuracy and reliability in measurements, which are essential for trade and safety in everyday life.