The National Academies, formally known as the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, is a collective of organizations in the United States that provide expert advice on scientific and technical issues. Established in 1863, these academies aim to promote knowledge and innovation for the benefit of society. They conduct studies, publish reports, and offer recommendations to inform policymakers and the public. The National Academies consist of three main branches: the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the National Academy of Medicine. Each branch focuses on its respective field, bringing together experts to address critical challenges and advance research. Their work plays a vital role in shaping policies and improving practices across various sectors.