The Napoleonic Retreat from Moscow refers to the disastrous withdrawal of Napoleon Bonaparte's army from Russia in 1812. After a costly invasion, the French forces faced harsh winter conditions, dwindling supplies, and fierce resistance from Russian troops. The retreat began in October, leading to significant losses due to starvation, cold, and attacks. As the army retreated, many soldiers succumbed to the elements or were captured. By the time they crossed back into Poland, only a fraction of the original force remained. This retreat marked a turning point in the Napoleonic Wars, significantly weakening Napoleon's military power in Europe.